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CEREBRAL PALSY

 

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a disorder of the ability to control the position and activation of the body due to damage to the developing brain.

CP is not a type of disease that is not progressive (getting worse). CP occurs in 1-2 out of 1,000 babies, but more than 10 times it often involves premature babies and also often occurs in babies who are underweight at birth.

Causes of Cerebral Palsy


Cerebral Palsy is usually caused by a brain injury that occurs during:

  1. - The baby is still in the womb
  2. - The labor process continues
  3. - Newborn baby
  4. - Children less than 5 years old

But most of the causes are unknown. 10-15% occur due to birth injury and lack of blood flow to the brain before, during and after the baby is born.

Premature babies are at high risk of getting Cerebral Palsy, possibly because the blood vessels to the brain have not developed perfectly and are prone to bleeding or because they cannot flow enough oxygen to the brain.

Brain injuries are caused by:

  1. - High levels of bilirubin in the blood (often found in newborns), commonly cause kernicterus and brain damage
  2. - Serious illness in the first year of the baby's life (eg encephalitis, meningitis, sepsis, trauma and severe dehydration)

Symptoms


Symptoms usually appear before the child is 2 years old and in severe cases, can be detected as early as 3 months of age.

The symptoms vary, ranging from barely noticeable clumsiness to a severe degree, which causes hand and leg deformities to the point where the child is forced to use a wheelchair.

Cerebral Palsy is divided into 4 types:

  1. 1) Spastic Type (65% of all CP cases), the muscles become tense and weak. Common involvement can be divided into:-
  2. - Quadriplegia (both arms and both legs)
  3. - Diplegia (both legs)
  4. - Hemiplegia (arms and legs on one side of the body)

  5. 2) Dyskinetic type (Choreoathetoid, 10% of all CP cases), the muscles of the hands, legs and body spontaneously move slowly, writhing and uncontrollably; but it is also common to experience rough and convulsive movements. Emotional overflow makes the situation worse, and movement will disappear if the child sleeps.

  6. 3) Ataxic type, (5% of all CP cases), consists of tremors, unsteady steps with both feet far apart, balance disorders that cause unsmooth movements of the legs and hands.

  7. 4) Mixed Type (20% of all CP cases), is a combination of the 2 types above, which is often found to be a combination of spastic and dyskinetic types. Other disorders that are also commonly found among CP patients are:
  8. - Intelligence below normal
  9. - Seizures/epilepsy (especially in the spastic type)
  10. - Disturbance of sucking or eating
  11. - Irregular breathing
  12. - Speech disorder
  13. - Visual impairment
  14. - Hearing impairment

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